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City of Alexandria, VA: Welcome to the City of Alexandria Fundamentals Explained

After a referendum, voters petitioned Congress and Virginia to return the portion of the District of Columbia south of the Potomac River (Alexandria County) to Virginia. On July 9, 1846, Congress retroceded Alexandria County to Virginia. The City of Alexandria was re-chartered in 1852 and became independent of Alexandria County in 1870.

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Late 19th century [edit] Map of Alexandria revealing the forts that were built to protect Washington during the Civil War A bird's eye view of Alexandria from the Potomac in 1863.  This Author  shows up on the hill in the center background. The first casualties of the North and South in the American Civil War took place in Alexandria.

A couple of blocks up King Street from their landing site, the leader of the New York Fire Zouaves, Colonel Elmer E. Ellsworth, sortied with a little detachment to eliminate a big Confederate flag shown on the roof of the Marshall House Inn that had actually shown up from the White Home.

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Jackson, the hotel's owner. One of Ellsworth's soldiers instantly killed Jackson. Ellsworth was publicized as a Union martyr, and the event generated great excitement in the North, with many children being called for him. Jackson's death protecting his house caused a similar experience in the South. Alexandria stayed under military occupation until completion of the war.

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After the production by Washington of the state of West Virginia in 1863 and up until the close of the war, Alexandria was the seat of the so-called Restored Government of Virginia, also known as the "Alexandria Government". During the Union occupation, a repeating contention in between the Alexandria citizenry and the military occupiers was the Union army's periodic insistence that church services consist of prayers for the President of the United States.

In 1861 and 1862, left African-American servants put into Alexandria. Safely behind Union lines, the cities of Alexandria and Washington offered comparative liberty and work. Alexandria became a major supply depot and transportation and hospital center for the Union army. Till the Emancipation Pronouncement of January 1, 1863, escaped servants lawfully remained the property of their owners.